報告_OCP2026_Schneider_800VDC負載平滑與故障穿越_20261015

PDF 原檔：報告_OCP2026_Schneider_800VDC負載平滑與故障穿越_20261015_original.pdf

講者公開簡報（OCP 官方 Recorded Content 頁提供下載）。文字以 PyMuPDF 逐頁抽取，### p<n> 為頁碼；圖表內容見原檔。

圖片清單（已驗證 2026-10-19）

原始內容

p1

Stuart Sheehan Systems Engineer, Schneider Electric Augmenting critical powertrains for fault ride-through (FRT) and load smoothing AI OPEN DATA CENTER Moving towards 800VDC solutions with lessons learned from AC UPS systems

p2

AGENDA Moving towards 800VDC solutions with lessons learned from AC UPS systems From stakeholder needs to prospective solutions and SE experience 01 Stakeholder power and energy needs Establishing needs for data center power systems, supporting both load and source-side stakeholders 02 Prospective energy storage solutions for LVDC powertrains Translating stakeholder needs and use cases into energy prospective 800 Vdc energy storage solutions 03 Transferrable SE industry experience and next steps Validating approaches with lessons learned with AC powertrains Building from DCF LVDC Whitepaper 1.1 Applying SE perspective

p3

01 Stakeholder energy storage needs and use cases Introducing the basic stakeholders and associated needs generally identified in the Power Distribution Sub-Project whitepaper- DATA CENTER FACILITY – LOW VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT POWER DISTRIBUTION

p4

New workloads are shaping needs for data center energy storage and power • High power and new nominal voltage with TBD voltage band • Burst power and very high slew rate • Persisting critical power needs (availability, UPS, and long-duration backup) Load Needs Data Center Power System I.T. Power/Energy Sources

p5

With new source-side constraints becoming mandatory considerations Data Center Power System I.T. Power/Energy Sources • Stability constraints with fault ride-through (FRT), power ramp, and sub-synchronous oscillation (SSO) needs • Capacity constraints with peak mitigation and demand response needs Source Constraints Load Needs • High power and new nominal voltage with TBD voltage band • Burst power and very high slew rate • Persisting critical power needs (availability, UPS, and long-duration backup)

p6

And increased emphasis on classical design considerations Data Center Power System I.T. Power/Energy Sources • Increase efficiency • Lower footprint • Manage CapEx • Increase speed to deploy Source Constraints Load Needs Infrastructure Optimizations • High power and new nominal voltage with TBD voltage band • Burst power and very high slew rate • Persisting critical power needs (availability, UPS, and long-duration backup) • Stability constraints with fault ride-through (FRT), power ramp, and sub-synchronous oscillation (SSO) needs • Capacity constraints with peak mitigation and demand response needs

p7

Critical use cases can be articulated through the lens of energy storage mission profile Stakeholder Use Case Type Typical Duration Dispatch Frequency Load & Dist. Equip. AI Load Buffering Power ms to seconds Constant use Grid Grid fault-ride-through Power 100+ ms ride through Infrequent few events per year Site Backup Gen. Load smoothing Power Seconds to minutes for ramp support Infrequent few events per year Grid Ramp limitations and SSO Power Seconds to minutes for ramp support and SSO mitigation Frequent to correct AI power profile Site Prime Gen. Load following Power Seconds to minutes for ramp support Frequent to correct AI power profile Load UPS Backup Power 1-15 minutes of backup Infrequent few events per year Grid Demand response and contingency Energy Hours of dispatch Infrequent few events per year/month Load Site back-up Energy Hours to days of backup Infrequent few events per year G G G power energy $/kW W/m2 $/kWh Wh/m2 ms secs hours mins G

p8

02 Prospective energy storage solutions for LVDC powertrains Logically mapping use cases into prospective energy storage solutions

p9

Energy storage attributes are key to solution discussions power energy $/kW W/m2 $/kWh Wh/m2 8 hours of autonomy via store fuel, and or unique energy storage approaches. Typical Duration Form factors Example Chemistries Power Density Energy Density Cycle Life • µs to secs (Supercap) • Embedded PSU/PDB Capacitance • Capacitor shelves • Electrolytic Caps • Film caps • Supercaps (EDLC/Hybrid) Extremely High to High Very Low to Low Extremely High to High • Secs to minutes • BBU Shelves • Battery Cabinet • Li-Ion (LFP, NMC, LMO, LTO) • NA-Ion Very High to Medium High Low to Medium(NMC) Extremely High (Battery Cap) to Medium High • Minutes to hours • Battery Cabinet • Outdoor “Enclosure” • NMC • Na-Ion • LFP Medium Medium to Very High (NMC) Medium-high to High • Hours (8+) to days • Outdoor “Enclosure” • Metal-Air • Thermal & CAES • Fuel Cell • Recip. Engine • Turbine Medium to Low Very High (→ separate energy from power scaling) Continuous duty to Low (Meatal- Air) From WP Table 8.5

p10

Each architectural “level” provides different opportunities Site/Campus Level Powertrain Level Rack/Whitespace Level AC/DC DC/DC Strengths: Close to Point of Common Coupling (PCC), covers all site loads, and less constrained on space and size (MW & footprint) Limitations: additional power conversion needed, no mitigation for downstream equipment, and larger critical load domain Strengths: reasonable space availability (electrical room or yard/skid), LVDC Integration (power conversion optimized), and mitigates impact to whole MV level Limitations: limited chunk size, farther from utility interface, and needs standardization and deployability Typ. MV LV(DC) (E)LVDC Strengths: Closest to load provides most benefit for power dynamics, and mitigates swings for upstream infrastructure Limitations: limits on energy/duration due to limited volume for non-IT, fire-risk limits for ESS/technology choice, and operational and deployment challenges

p11

There is no single magic bullet: a layered approach is needed with core UPS and power compliance proposed at powertrain level power energy $/kW W/m2 $/kWh Wh/m2 <ms secs hours mins Capacitor based energy storage Power battery Energy battery Generation & LDES → Supercap Use Case AI Load Buffering Grid fault-ride- through Load smoothing Ramp limitations and SSO Load following UPS Backup Demand response and contingency Site back-up Whitespace capacitance(~ms) minimally sized to support system dynamics locally Campus level solutions right-sized for non-critical load coverage and energy intensive use cases LVDC powertrain power battery integration secures core power compliance use cases: load continuity, FRT, smoothing stakeholders (~mins) High frequency decoupling, extreme di/dt mitigation for LVDC dynamic performance. Preserve as much space as possible for IT. Core use cases present in most data center installations, warranting standardization within the powertrain to secure critical loads and value stack power compliance Campus level and utility specific coverage for longer duration use cases and coverage of non- critical powertrain components 1 2 3

p12

LVDC storage solutions are not just defined by location and chemistry Voltage bands must be considered in LVDC storage integration approach Wide Band: Traditionally DC Microgrids have utilized wider voltage bands to facilitate source/system operability and operating with power limiting converter type loads. Narrow Band: Modern IT solutions are targeting optimal power density and efficiency by leveraging narrow input bands There are multiple energy storage integration approaches • Storage should be converter coupled for fault current, voltage compatibility, operations and maintenance Pros: • Decentralized control • Limited need for fast real-time communication • Flexible integration of heterogeneous power sources • Simple system extension and high scalability Pros: • Tightly regulated 800 VDC bus under all load and power-sharing conditions • Coordinated power sharing between the AC/DC and BESS DC/DC converters • Reuses proven AC UPS control loops and communication architecture Cons: • Intentional DC-bus voltage deviation for power sharing • Smaller voltage margin available for regulation, transients, and cable voltage drops • Stability constraints linking DC-link capacitance and droop band Cons: • Integration constraints-- dedicated protocols and buses • Close coupling constraints and module paralleling limit inter-vendor integrations Droop Active Loadsharing Current rack specs from Nvidia and OCP SST specs more aligned with narrow band approaches leaving less voltage band for droop

p13

03 Transferrable SE industry experience Learnings from development and deployment of critical powertrains with source power compliance augmentation

p14

Coordination between storage and AC input sources for fault ride-through (FRT) and smoothing is being deployed in UPS products Area Voltage limits Behavior Green area Continuous operation 1.15pu < V < 1.20pu UPS operates in normal operation for minimum 5 seconds, taking all power from grid. Note: GVX will support 1.25pu up to 60s. 0.85pu < V < 1.15pu UPS operates in normal operation taking all power from grid. Light blue area Mixed mode 0.5pu < V < 0.85pu UPS operates in a mixed mode where power is taken from both grid and battery. Grey area FRT zone 0.15pu < V < 0.5pu UPS powers the load fully from battery but does not disconnect from the grid and will recover fast (<300 ms) 0pu < V < 0.15pu In this range the time limit is decreased to 250ms Yellow area Battery operation In this area the UPS transfers fully to battery operation and awaits a stable grid for 1 second, before transitioning back to grid operation Galaxy UPS w/ Smoothing: 1%/sec ramp-up/down rate Galaxy LiB Cabinet AI Load Smoothing Example (120% 100ms, 80% 0.5s, 30% 0.5s) Being deployed in current gen UPS UPS Output UPS Input Battery Fault ride through and post fault recovery Input smoothing

p15

Current power battery storage solutions can work, but future optimization is targeted Add batteries for power needs? Battery lifetime impacts? UPS Backup (~5 mins) Baseline Baseline (12+ years) + Fault Ride Through (FRT) None None + Smoothing (back-up only) Depends on load profile and needed smoothing level Minimal + Smoothing (continuous) Depends on load profile and needed smoothing level Typ. 5-10 years. Depends on profile, smoothing level, and cabinet quantity. LMO 50% duty cycle, 0.6C chrg 12 cabinets/MW, 10 yrs LMO 50% duty cycle, 0.8C chrg 9 cabinets/MW, 7 yrs LFP 50% duty cycle, 0.8C chrg 7 cabinets/MW, 10 yrs LFP 50% duty cycle, 1.6C chrg 4 cabinets/MW, 7 yrs Full smoothing: 30%-75%, 1 hz Optimized power cabinets will be released with longer life and more charge power + + + Battery Augmentation ~0.1-0.15 $/W Add. ~1.5-2 MW/m2 Add. Add. BESS ~0.3-0.6 $/W Add. ~5-15 MW/m2 Add. Value stacking FRT & Smoothing on critical powertrains is compelling vs new MV BESS *UPS battery augmentation @ 0.13 $/W, BESS + PCS based on 0.5CTesla Megapack. Wider range provided to account for solution variability in augmentation approaches and BESS configurations 1 2

p16

Key Takeaways and Calls to Action Source constraints and load needs require energy storage functions, with LVDC architectures introducing new possibilities Power batteries at LVDC powertrain minimize whitespace penalties while allowing value stacking with UPS/critical power Relevant Links Power Distribution Sub- Project page Align IT and powertrain architectures to optimize voltage bands, energy storage selection, and load shaping capability. Storage integration is critical for load AND source side use cases Power battery integration is compelling at powertrain level for critical power and core power compliance use cases Calls to action: Stakeholder architectural alignment Standardize source side constraints to simplify storage optimization and deployment Energy Sub-Project page Data Center Facility – Low Voltage Direct Current Power Distribution

p17

（本頁無可抽取文字，內容在圖中）